Secondary voltage and frequency regulation for islanded microgrids: A model predictive coordinated control approach

The hierarchical control strategy enables seamless integration of power electronics-based distributed generators (DGs) into microgrids (MGs). This work presents a distributed coordinated secondary voltage and frequency control strategy of islanded MGs, utilizing distributed model predictive control (DMPC) approach. The Proposed approach is entirely distributed in nature, with plug and play features and requires minimal communication network with information exchange between immediate neighbors. This technique facilitates efficient information exchange and obviates the need for centralized control. Droop control is the primary controller for all the DGs, which leads to the deviations in DG voltage and operating frequency from standard nominal values. Secondary control enables the restoration of DG voltage and frequency to their nominal values. Input–output feedback linearization (IOFL) is used to transform nonlinear dynamics of inverter-interfaced DGs into first-order linear dynamics between input and output. Compared to some published works, the single-integrator dynamics eliminates the need to compute the derivative of the output voltage. Furthermore, DMPC has been used for all DG units as secondary controller, to achieve voltage and frequency regulation. This approach takes advantage of distributed architecture with optimal control actions and enhances reliability and flexibility of MG operations. Moreover, the proposed approach ensures that voltage and frequency of overall system are restored to its reference value while maintaining accuracy in real power sharing. Effectiveness of proposed control scheme is validated with simulations conducted on islanded MG test system using MATLAB/Simulink toolbox.