The study of heterogeneity and the specificity of prolamins of the varieties of winter wheat and their connection with economic values

Based on the Voronezh ANC named after V. V. Dokuchaev of the Department of Genetics and Immunity, electrophoretic studies were conducted, based on detailed study and analysis of polymorphism of prolamins of 5 varieties of winter wheat and their conjugation with economic and valuable features. Studies were conducted in 2022–2024 in the conditions of the southeast of the Central Black Earth Region. In the process, gliadin biotypes were identified by electrophoresis in 6.5% polyacrylamide gel. On the basis of each variety of reference spectra, containing all possible components of this protein, it was found that in the structure of the genome of the studied varieties there is: black soot 115 – 2 biotype, black soot 130 – 2 biotype, basalt 2 – 3 biotype, sickening – 2 bio -biotype (Polymorphic varieties), dish – 1 biotype (monomorphic variety). The dedicated biotypes for 3 years have been propagated, analyzed and evaluated by the indicators of the structural analysis of the main elements of productivity, quality and resistance to adverse environmental factors. Based on this, their economic and biological characteristics were given. The analysis of the data showed that the most valuable in the elements of productivity distinguished: the second biotype of the Black – School 115 varieties, the second biotic Black – eating variety 130, the first and third biotypes of the Basalt 2 variety, the first and second biotypes of the variety sorted. According to quality indicators, the selected biotypes were at the standard level. Over all the years of research on stability to brown leaf rust, all the biotype packs studied have shown themselves as moderately resistant and moderate. The most stable stability over the entire period of the study to the solid head showed the second biotype of the variety of sorting, it belongs to the group of poorly permissible. The best biotypes can be selected as donors of economic and valuable features, and in breeding programs when selecting parental forms for hybridization, taking into account their phenotypic features.