Posthumanism Theory Development

The author shows that humanism as an ideological direction has reached a dead end and has turned into a set of slogans that are far from life. Against the backdrop of these slogans, massive crimes against people are being committed, and the destruction of the surrounding nature continues. Posthumanism began with evidence that man is not the pinnacle of the universe. These evidences, according to the author, first appeared in the 19th century in the works of A. Schopenhauer and F. Nietzsche. For a long time, posthumanism was developing as a direction in literary criticism, as an analysis of individual features of changes in social consciousness using the example of characters in works of art. At the next stage, posthumanism moved into the sphere of philosophy and the formation of its own special theory of posthumanism. In parallel, the direction of posthumanism began to develop, as close as possible to the practice and achievements of scientific and technological progress, called transhumanism. The world of the future in the concept of transhumanism is seen as evolution, the consistent generation of new generations of cyborgs. The article also examines examples of descriptions of the future by the followers of literary and philosophical posthumanism.