Impact of Jasmonic Acid and Selected Grow Regulators on the <i>in Vitro</i> Biosynthesis of Secondary Metabolic Products in <i>Phoenix dactylifera L</i>. cv. Barhi Assessed by GC-MS

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate effect of jasmonic acid (JA), and selected growth regulators on the in vitro biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in plant callus cultures of Phoenix dactylifera L . cv. Barhi. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) detected and examined secondary metabolites. Callus tissues were cultured on MS medium supplemented with different combinations of JA, 2iP, 2,4-D, NAA. The metabolic profiling revealed that Treatment B (2 JA, 2 2iP, 8 2,4 -D, 40 NAA) mg/L produced the highest diversity and total number of secondary metabolites, identifying 50 compounds with 66% being unique metabolites. In contrast, Treatment F (4 JA, 4 2iP, 12 2,4 -D, 60 NAA) mg/L achieved the highest ratio of unique metabolites (77.5%) but resulted in a lower total number of identified compounds (40 metabolites). These findings suggest that using moderate concentrations of plant growth regulators (PGR) more effectively enhances the diversity and accumulation of secondary metabolites compared to higher concentrations. The findings highlight the potential of tailoring growth regulator combinations as an effective technique for increasing bioactive chemical production in plant tissue culture systems for pharmaceutical and commercial use.