Assessment of progeny of flax flax regenerant plants for resistance to anthracnose and increased soil acidity on artificial cultivation backgrounds

Flax is a strategic crop with wide application in various sectors of the economy, including the production of paints and medical cotton wool. However, diseases and increased soil acidity reduce the yield of flax products. The research conducted in 2021–2024 at the Federal State Budgetary Budgetary Institution “Federal Research Center for Bast Crops” was aimed at evaluating the progeny of flax seedling regenerants obtained as a result of in vitro cell breeding for resistance to anthracnose and increased soil acidity on artificial provocative soils. It was revealed that plants with varying degrees of resistance to anthracnosis were formed on the basis of immature embryos on a selective background in vitro. Studies have made it possible to create new forms of flax genotypes susceptible to the pathogen NO–65, NE-38, NE-36 and NE-16, which showed higher resistance to the pathogen in generations than the original forms. These lines in breeding nurseries were not inferior to the standard Alpha variety in terms of the main indicators of the productivity of the haul, including plant height and weight of the technical part. An analysis of the morphological characteristics of flax plants grown under medium-acidic conditions demonstrated that the NO-65 genotype, the progeny of the R3 regenerate, was the most productive in terms of the number of seeds per plant and the total weight of seeds (43.9 seeds and 6.64 grams, respectively). The genotype has L-2053-6-10 nc R1 is the progeny of the regenerant R1, the maximum height of plants (99.6 cm) and the technical length of the stem (93.4 cm) were recorded, as well as the largest number of boxes per plant unit (9.8 pcs.). This genotype, with its resistance to anthracnose, can be recommended for introduction into production in order to obtain high yields of fiber and seeds. In terms of technical length, the Phoenix pf genotype can be recommended for fiber production in conditions of a medium acidic soil background, and NO–65 for seed production.