Breeding research on the creation of promising soybean varieties

Our research goal was to evaluate new promising soybean varieties for a number of economically important traits, the level of adaptation, and resistance to fungal diseases under the conditions of Primorsky kray. The research was conducted in 2021–2024. The weather conditions of 2021 were characterized by prolonged periods without precipitation. In 2022–2024, the optimal combination of precipitation and high temperatures facilitated an increase in the yield of the crop. Thirty-two promising soybean varieties created at the Federal Scientific Center of Agricultural Biotechnology of the Far East named after A.K. Chaiki were used as the research object. The majority of the varieties were from the group of mid-season maturity with a growing period of 111–119 days. Four varieties Primorskaya 1690, Primorskaya 1693, Primorskaya 1695, and Primorskaya 1698 had high yield ranging from 3.12 t/ha to 3.53 t/ha. A high protein content (>40.0 %) was observed in the following soybean varieties: Primorskaya 1659, Primorskaya 1675, Primorskaya 1695, Primorskaya 1698, and Primorskaya 1704. The following genotypes were considered resistant to the growing conditions based on the parameter of yield: Primorskaya 4 (-16.5), Primorskaya 1679 (-12.8), Primorskaya 1682 (-16.3), Primorskaya 1692 (-15.7), and Primorskaya 1705 (-16.5). The highest coefficient of adaptation was noted in three varieties – Primorskaya 1690, Primorskaya 1693, and Primorskaya 1698. Lower ecological plasticity characterized 45.4% of the genotypes (coefficient bi <1). Some genotypes showed resistance to the stress conditions and diseases under the conditions of Primorsky kray. Varieties demonstrated moderate resistance in the infectious conditions: Primorskaya 1690 and Primorskaya 1697 – to downy mildew, Primorskaya 1696 – to Cercospora leaf blight. Promising soybean varieties have various characteristics. This allows breeders to select different variants that would suit certain goals and growing conditions.