Contemporary Coatings for Military Vehicles in the Context of their Protection and Camouflage Effectiveness

<ns3:p>This article presents a comprehensive analysis of contemporary coatings applied to land vehicles from the perspective oftheir camouflage effectiveness in VIS/NIR, MWIR/LWIR, and 1-18 GHz ranges, as well as their mechanical and operational resistance.NATO standards (STANAG 2338) and national standards (MIL-DTL-53039/64159, NO-80-A200, TL 8010-0002), along with technicalspecifications of certified IRR-CARC paints (USA, Poland, Germany), are identified. Based on available tests and case studies, thelimitations of single coating layers (inability to simultaneously control optical, thermal, and radar signatures) are discussed, and theapplication of mobile multispectral coverings (Saab Barracuda MCS, Lubawa Miranda) as a hybrid solution is justified.</ns3:p>