Impact of genotype and weather conditions on protein content in spring soft wheat grain under forest-steppe conditions of Krasnoyarsk region

Based on 5 years of research (2019–2023), the impact of genotype and meteorological factors on the protein content of wheat grain was analyzed. Field experiments conducted on the experimental fields of the Krasnoyarsk RIA, located in the forest-steppe zone. The predecessor is bare fallow. Nitrogen fertilizers at a dose of N60 were applied prior to direct seeding. The mass fraction of protein in the grain is determined according to GOST 10846-91. 10 varieties of spring soft wheat were studied, including 7 varieties of selection of the Krasnoyarsk RIA and 3 standards Novosibirskaya 15 (early ripening), Altayskaya 70 (mid-early), Altayskaya 75 (mid-ripening). The average protein content by varieties ranged from 12,74 % to 15,09 %. The protein content above 14 % was formed by early ripening varieties Novosibirskaya 15, Kanskaya, Uyarochka, Altayskaya 70, and mid-ripening Altayskaya 75. The linkage of protein content with grain yield in all years was negative and ranged from weak r = -0,132 to medium significant r = -0,619. Moderate precipitation and temperature during the reproductive period are necessary for the formation of a high protein content. A statistically significant negative correlation between protein content and precipitation was noted in july (r = -0,836), with an average daily temperature in august (r = -0,520). Varietal specificity of the reaction to precipitation and temperature was noted. Gluten content is most closely related to protein content. In all years, a significant positive relationship was revealed, which ranged from r = 0,650 to r = 0,939. The linkage with gluten quality was weak and ambiguous, with flour strength in all years was positive and ranged from average r = 0,476 to strong r = 0,868. The linkage of bread volume and total baking score with protein content was positive with fluctuations from weak to medium, with grain nature the relationship was negative.