Influence of tillage system on agrophysical properties of soil and crop productivity in the link of field crop rotation

Тhe research was conducted to study the effect of minimization of basic tillage on agrophysical properties of soil, root system development and crop yield of field crop rotation. The work was carried out in 2022–2024 on sod-podzolic soil of the Udmurt Republic. Experimental variants: moldboard tillage system, combined, direct sowing. The results of the calculation method of fractal geometry to determine the dependence of the root system morphology of the second crop of the field rotation on the system of basic tillage and indicators of agrocenosis productivity obtained by traditional methods of direct measurement are presented. The total length of the root system of mustard 152,6 cm was formed in the agrocenosis with annual moldboard plowing to a depth of 20 cm. At transition to a combined tillage system with alternating plowing under winter wheat with no-tillage at a depth of 10–12 cm and direct sowing, a reduction in root length to 93,9 and 73,9 cm was observed, respectively. The obtained results of morphometry of the root system of mustard are confirmed by direct measurement of the root mass of mustard when taking soil samples from the arable layer 0–20 cm by frame method of soil excavation. The highest accumulation of root mass of the crop 0,43 t/ha was observed at annual mouldboard plowing. When reducing the depth and area of tillage, there was a significant decrease in this indicator to 0,29–0,30 t/ha. The response of the root system of the second crop of the field rotation is conditioned by the conditions formed by the main tillage systems. Annual plowing provided better accumulation and preservation of productive moisture in the meter layer 103 mm against 85 and 83 mm at minimization of tillage. Direct sowing contributed to compaction of the arable layer of sod-medium-podzolic medium loamy soil up to 1,44 g/cm3. As a result, the highest yield of mustard 1,04 t/ ha was obtained with moldboard system of basic tillage.