Impact of Tobacco Exposure on Low Back Pain-Related Disability-Adjusted Life Years in China: Trends From 1990–2021 and Projections for the Next 15 years Using ARIMA Modeling

The findings highlight the positive impact of tobacco - control measures in reducing the disease burden of tobacco - related LBP in China. However, the persistent high burden among males and older age groups remains a challenge. Continued and targeted tobacco - control efforts are essential to further reduce the disease burden. The findings of this study provide critical evidence for formulating targeted tobacco control policies, supporting the enhancement of tobacco intervention measures for high-risk populations (eg, males and older adults) and the implementation of tobacco control strategies to reduce the LBP-related disease burden and improve population health outcomes.