The impact of Internet use on cognitive function in older adults: Based on the cognitive reserve hypothesis

With population aging accelerating, cognitive decline and high dementia prevalence among older adults pose significant challenges to active aging. The widespread use of the internet offers cognitive stimulation and social interaction, potentially improving cognitive function. Using 2020 China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey data, this study analyzes the impact of internet use on older adults' cognitive function. Results show that this study found a significant positive correlation between internet use and cognitive function in older adults (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Social interaction partially mediates this effect, with social support, social networks, and social participation contributing 2.2%, 1.3%, and 6.9%. The education level, exercise frequency, and job complexity significantly attenuate the positive effect of internet use on cognitive function in older adults. This study offers empirical support for the cognitive reserve and active aging theories. Future efforts should enhance internet training for older adults, improve age-friendly platforms, and bridge the urban-rural digital divide.