Trends and risk factors of bloodborne occupational exposure among healthcare workers in a Chinese tertiary hospital (2012–2022)

Targeted prevention and control strategies that focus on high-risk personnel, clinical departments, and specific procedures are essential to reduce the incidence of BOE among healthcare workers. Particular attention is required during public health emergencies (e.g., the COVID-19 pandemic), especially in addressing the January exposure peak, protecting physicians and mid-career staff with 16-20 years of service, and establishing cross-institutional mechanisms for coordinated BOE reporting and follow-up of support staff, in order to further minimize occupational risks. In addition, preventive measures such as targeted training programs, simulation-based exercises, and routine monitoring of HBV immunization status should be systematically implemented for trainees and newly recruited personnel.