Adaptive Vehicular Communication Protocol

Abstract—Traditional automotive communication systems do not keep up with the demands of real-time safety and adaptability as roads become busier and environmental uncertainties increase. An adaptive vehicular communication protocol is proposed in this study, which rethinks how cars interact with their environment. Our system combines intelligent communication, autonomous decision-making, and real- time sensor data to enable cars to ”sense” and ”react” to dynamic hazards, such as fire outbreaks, changing weather conditions tracked by a DHT module, and unexpected earthquakes picked up by vibration sensors. Using a hybrid Bluetooth-GSM model that adjusts to distance, vehicles can ”talk” to each other and to infrastructure (such as lighting) with ease, guaranteeing dependable short- and longrange connectivity. By rerouting traffic to safe zones, informing hospitals, and contacting emergency contacts, the protocol serves as a digital lifeline during emergencies. It also uses ultrasonic and infrared sensors to share vital driving data, such as lane changes, braking, and acceleration, to enable safer autonomous navigation. Test results show increased accuracy in catastrophe situations, decreased communication delays, and quicker danger reaction times. This study highlights a vision for transportation networks that embrace the unpredictability of an unpredictable environment while prioritizing human safety, going beyond technical innovation. Index Terms—Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X), Vehicle- to-Vehicle (V2V), Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), Adaptive Vehicular Communication Protocol (AVCP), traffic safety, autonomous braking, real-time data exchange, dynamic routing, spectrum optimization, Bluetooth Communication (HC-05), GSM, Infrared (IR) Sensors.