Dual-domain engineered exosome-based self-powered microneedle delivery platform for the treatment of infected wounds

Bacterial infection and persistent inflammation severely hinder tissue regeneration; therefore, a synergistic therapeutic strategy that combines antibacterial and pro-healing functions is crucial for the effective treatment of infected wounds. In this study, we construct a self-powered microneedle drug delivery platform based on a Dual-domain engineered exosome (D²-Exo) that integrates antimicrobial and healing-promoting capabilities. The exosome is internally loaded with asiaticoside and surface-modified with an antimicrobial peptide. The self-powered microneedle delivery platform, driven by a triboelectric nanogenerator, enables precise and efficient release of the D²-Exo. <i>In vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> experiments show that electrical stimulation significantly enhances exosome release and cellular uptake. The D²-Exo-loaded platform effectively reduces inflammation, inhibits bacterial infection, and promotes granulation tissue formation and collagen deposition, thereby accelerating the healing of infected wounds. This study presents a promising strategy for the intelligent treatment of infected wounds.