The impact of lead exposure on idiopathic developmental intellectual disability: A shifting burden from children to older adults (1990–2021)
The lead exposure-related IDID burden has declined among children since 1990, demonstrating substantial global progress in childhood lead governance. However, the burden has increased substantially among those aged ≥ 70 years as aging intensifies, with particular concern for elderly females in low SDI region.
Authors
- Xinqin Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0221-3785)
- Zaihua Zhao
- Fang Zhao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5485-5333)
- Yi Shi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5566-9471)
- Wenjing Luo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4826-3961)
- Wenhao Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0636-8354)
- Fenfen He
- Jianbin Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5601-8547)
- Jingyuan Chen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4795-3856)
- Kejun Du
- Diya Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2035-0505)
- Xuefeng Shen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8230-6895)
Institutions
- Air Force Medical University (CN)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
- Published
- 2025-10-01
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.119176
- Citations
- 1
- Primary Topic
- Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 1.20