Taraxacum koksaghyz Rodin as a versatile resource for the production of natural rubber and inulin

The root of Taraxacum koksaghyz ( Tk ) represents a promising alternative for sustainable natural rubber (NR) production. It addresses current challenges in NR supply faced by the current world NR producer, the rubber tree ( Hevea brasiliensis ). Such challenges are pathogen vulnerability, sustainability issues, and economic pressure. Moreover, the fossil resource dependency of synthetic rubber (SR) production is of concern. Co-extracted from the roots is inulin, a fructan polymer with great potential as a renewable feedstock for green chemistry. The dual output of NR and inulin positions Tk as a multipurpose crop. Its use would support both the development of a biobased economy and reduce reliance on fossil resources for SR production. This review evaluates past accomplishments and recent advances in molecular breeding, omics-driven crop improvement, and bioprocessing technologies. Developments aim to enhance rubber and inulin yields from Tk , and focus on insights into the interplay between the metabolisms of both NR and inulin. We discuss the optimization of the entire production chain, from seed to extraction, including agronomic practices and genetic modification/genome editing. Also, the possible valorization of other plant components in industrial and commercial applications is outlined. Collectively, these developments contribute to the productivity and economic viability of Tk as a multipurpose crop. Key scientific and technological accomplishments are outlined. We propose strategies to accelerate the adoption of Tk as a viable, sustainable source of NR and inulin-based green chemicals. Future research directions are defined to target the remaining challenges in upscaling cultivation and integrating Tk into sustainable agricultural systems. • Taraxacum koksaghyz is an attractive source of industrial natural rubber and inulin. • T. koksaghyz rubber has the characteristics and quality to replace Hevea rubber. • T. koksaghyz inulin is a suitable feedstock for green chemistry. • Local cultivation reduces global dependencies and supports sustainability goals. • Agronomy, breeding, and biotechnology help to boost yield and commercial viability.