A Comprehensive Study of Invasive Breast Cancer in Egyptians: Histological Subtypes and Prognostic Indicators

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy among women globally and in Egypt, representing 25.4% of new female cancer cases in 2018. Aim: This study aimed to assess clinicopathological features of invasive BC in Egyptian women and identify key prognostic indicators. Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 373 cases of histologically confirmed invasive BC retrieved from archives of Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, between March 2019 and July 2024. Ethical approval was obtained, and data were anonymized. Results: Patients showed that 50.7% were over 50 years old. Invasive carcinoma of no special type was the predominant histologic subtype (78.8%). Most tumors were grade II (62.7%), with pT2 and pN1 stages reported in 46.1% and 35.4% of cases, respectively. Luminal A was the most frequent molecular subtype (47.7%). Significant correlations were found between molecular subtypes and hormone receptor expression, age > 50, lymphovascular invasion, and pT & pN stage. No significant association was observed with tumor grade or histologic type. Conclusion: Egyptian women with BC tend to present at a younger age compared to those in developed countries. The higher incidence of advanced stage of lymph node metastasis at the time of diagnosis highlights the importance of early cancer detection program, increased public awareness, and access to individualized treatment strategies in Egypt.