Methodology for Assessing the Semantic Orientation of Victimhood

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of victimology theory and its semantic transformation, tracing its development from philosophical and criminological foundations to the complex psychological and socio-cultural domains. It highlights a paradigmatic shift in the perception of the victim—from being defined by objective external factors to being understood as a multidimensional psychological phenomenon shaped by the interaction between unconscious intrapersonal processes and prevailing social norms. A study conducted within the Armenian societal context aims to explore the psychological components underlying the perception of victimhood. Particular attention is given to deeply rooted stereotypes and defence mechanisms that influence victim perception, underscoring the significance of both social and individual factors in shaping victim-related attitudes. The article places particular emphasis on the interaction between the victim’s psychological state, self-perception, and external environmental responses—an interplay that deepens the contextual understanding of victimhood. The findings suggest that perceptions of victim vulnerability are shaped through the dynamic interplay of socio-cultural norms and individuals’ internal psychological processes. Moreover, the data reveal distinct gender based patterns in responses to victimhood, underscoring the role of gender as a significant variable in shaping attitudes toward victims. Women tend to approach victims with greater empathy and understanding. In contrast, men more frequently exhibit critical or dismissive attitudes toward vulnerability— responses often linked to varying manifestations of psychological defence mechanisms. These differences provide a critical foundation for developing gender-sensitive support strategies that integrate both psychological and social approaches.