Antidiabetic, Renoprotective, and Cardioprotective Effects of Coriander and Garlic Extracts in Experimentally induced Diabetes

The study investigates the potential antidiabetic, renoprotective, and cardioprotective effects of coriander seed extract (CSE) and garlic extract (GE) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Thirty adult male rats were divided into five groups: a control group, a diabetic untreated group, and diabetic groups treated with glibenclamide, CSE, or GE. Treatment continued daily for 28 days. Serum biochemical analyses revealed significantly elevated glucose, creatinine, urea, uric acid, CK-MB, and LDH levels in diabetic rats. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations revealed marked hypocellularity, degeneration, and necrosis of pancreatic islets, accompanied by a significant reduction in insulin expression. Additionally, diabetic rats exhibited structural damage in the kidneys and heart, characterized by tubular epithelial degeneration and necrosis, glomerular atrophy, and myocardial myomalacia. Administration of CSE and GE significantly mitigated these biochemical and histological changes, with CSE demonstrating superior protective effects. These results highlight the therapeutic potential of CSE and GE, particularly emphasizing CSE as an effective natural therapy for managing diabetes and its associated renal and cardiac complications.