Predictors of Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure in Emergency Departments

Acute kidney injury (AKI) frequently occurs as part of the disease progression in individuals diagnosed with heart failure (HF) marked by the concurrent occurrence of acute cardiac and renal impairment, a condition termed as acute cardiorenal syndrome. The clinical significance of this condition and its management have recently garnered considerable attention. This research seeks to ascertain clinical determinants of AKI among individuals presenting with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) in the emergency setting.Acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) predominant factor in hospital admissions worldwide. It represents a growing worldwide health challenge, impacting more than 26 million people across the globe [1].Acute kidney injury (AKI) often occurs during the natural course of heart failure (HF). The clinical significance of the simultaneous occurrence of acute cardiac and renal dysfunction, termed acute cardiorenal syndrome (CRS), and its management has recently garnered considerable attention [2]. Researchers have applied heterogeneous criteria in defining and classifying AKI, among these are the RIFLE criteria—Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, and End-stage kidney disease—proposed by the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative [3]. AKI can be categorized into five stages: risk of renal injury, renal impairment, renal failure, loss of renal function, and end-stage kidney disease [4].