The Impact of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome on Mood Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study on Chronotypes, Social Jetlag, and Night Eating Habits

<b>Objective</b>: To determine the prevalence of mood and eating disorders, chronotype, and social jetlag in a cohort of women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). <b>Methods</b>: A total of 70 patients, 35 with PCOS and 35 healthy controls, aged between 18 and 40 years, were included in the study. PCOS was diagnosed according to the Rotterdam criteria. Five different questionnaires, namely the "Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ)", "Social Jetlag Status (SJL)", "Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ)", "Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)", and "Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI)", were administered to patients with and without PCOS, and the "total questionnaire scores" of both groups were compared. <b>Results</b>: In addition to BMI (<i>p</i> = 0.004), serum insulin (<i>p</i> < 0.001), HOMAIR (<i>p</i> < 0.001), total testosterone (<i>p</i> = 0.006), DHEAS (<i>p</i> = 0.004), and LH (<i>p</i> < 0.001) levels were significantly higher in women with PCOS than in the controls. BAI (<i>p</i> = 0.006), BDI (<i>p</i> = 0.007), and NEQ (<i>p</i> = 0.013) scores of participants with PCOS were significantly higher than those in the control group, while MEQ scores were significantly lower than those in the control group (<i>p</i> = 0.005). When categorized according to the total test scores, the number of individuals with moderate and severe anxiety was significantly higher in the PCOS group than in the control group (<i>p</i> = 0.030). Morningness was significantly lower in the PCOS group than in the control group, whereas eveningness was higher than that in the control group (<i>p</i> = 0.013). There was no difference between the PCOS and control groups in terms of the number of individuals with SJL ≥ 2 h and night eating disorders. The NEQ score was positively correlated with BAI, BMI, insulin, and HOMA-IR. Both the BDI and BAI scores were positively correlated with BMI, HOMA-IR, and total testosterone levels. <b>Conclusions</b>: PCOS can lead to mood, appetite, and circadian rhythm issues through variations in chronotype. PCOS-related endocrine, metabolic, and adiposity factors influence mood, eating habits, and chronotype disorders.