Rapid on-demand generation of thermal states in superconducting quantum circuits

We experimentally demonstrate the fast generation of thermal states of a transmon using a single-junction quantum-circuit refrigerator (QCR) as an tunable environment. Through single-shot readout, we monitor the transmon up to its third excited state, assessing population distributions controlled by QCR drive pulses. Whereas cooling can be achieved in the weak-drive regime, high-amplitude pulses can generate Boltzmann-distributed populations from a temperature of 110 mK up to 500 mK within 100 ns. As we propose in our work, this fast and efficient temperature control provides an appealing opportunity to demonstrate a quantum heat engine. Our results also pave the way for efficient dissipative state preparation and for reducing the circuit depth in thermally assisted quantum algorithms and quantum annealing.

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Publication Details

Journal
Physical Review Research
Published
2025-10-07
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1103/6bty-836h
Citations
2
Primary Topic
Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
2.65
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Rapid on-demand generation of thermal states in superconducting quantum circuits

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Rapid on-demand generation of thermal states in superconducting quantum circuits

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article en
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Abstract

We experimentally demonstrate the fast generation of thermal states of a transmon using a single-junction quantum-circuit refrigerator (QCR) as an tunable environment. Through single-shot readout, we monitor the transmon up to its third excited state, assessing population distributions controlled by QCR drive pulses. Whereas cooling can be achieved in the weak-drive regime, high-amplitude pulses can generate Boltzmann-distributed populations from a temperature of 110 mK up to 500 mK within 100 ns. As we propose in our work, this fast and efficient temperature control provides an appealing opportunity to demonstrate a quantum heat engine. Our results also pave the way for efficient dissipative state preparation and for reducing the circuit depth in thermally assisted quantum algorithms and quantum annealing.

Physical Review ResearchVol. 7(4)
Forschungszentrum Jülich (DE), Universität Ulm (DE), Technology Innovation Institute (AE), VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland (FI), Aalto University (FI)
Openalex Percentile: Top 9%
Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics
2.65
DOIOpen Access PDFOpenAlex
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