Response of Sorghum Cultivars (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) to Levels Biochar and Deficit Irrigation in Sulaimani-Iraqi Kurdistan Region

Abstract A field operation was carried out throughout the spring of 2024 at the Kanipanka Agricultural Research Station in Shahrazoor valley, 35 km east of Sulaimani in Iraq’s Kurdistan Province. The study was to investigate the influence of indicate the biochar application rates control, 3-, 6-, and 9-tons ha −1 combined with varied irrigation levels 60%, 80%, and 100% full irrigation on Sorghum bicolor L. growth. The experiment used a Randomized Completely Blocks Designs (RCBD), with three separate trials and 12 implementation on Silty clay soil. Statistical analysis of variance revealed that increasing the biochar application rate had a positive impact on all of the parameters tested. The application of 9 tons ha −1 of biochar under full irrigation produced the greatest results. The highest values were obtained with this treatment: plant height (174.44 cm), chlorophyll content (72.99 SPAD), number of leaves (18.23), stem diameter (30.40 mm), leaf area (695.23 cm 2 ), leaf area index (6.75%), number of grains each head (3994.73), weighting 1000 grains (36.33 g), grain protein content (12.83%), oil content in plant grains (4.73%), grain yield (6995.3 kg/ha), biomass (17,036.3 kg/ha), and harvesting indexes (36.79%).