The impact of Selenium and Cobalt nanoparticles on development of Date Palm tissues C.V Barhi <i>In Vitro</i>

Abstract The research was carried out at the plant Technologies Laboratory in Agriculture College, Basrah University, from February 2023 to September 2024. Intending to rigorously examine the impact of incorporating nano cobalt and nano selenium in growth medium at concentrations of (0, 1, 2, and 3) Millimolar (mM) on the callus tissue and vegetative branches of the Barhi date palm growth and development. The data were statistically evaluated employing (CRD) design with 10 replicates at a probability level at 0.01%. The findings revealed that a concentration of 2 mM for both nano cobalt and nano selenium resulted in a remarkable enhancement in fresh and dry weight of callus mass (2.14, 0.24) g, (2.77, 0.28) g, respectively. Also, there is an increased number of embryos (11.3, 10.3), and robust growth of vegetative branches (12.3, 12.3). Furthermore, there were significant improvements in the anatomical characteristics of the callus (parenchyma cells, mesophyll cells, tannin cells, and vascular bundles). These compelling results underscore the vital role of nano elements and compounds in advancing biotechnology, offering innovative solutions for enhancing plant growth in field conditions and laboratory applications.