Assessment of the Status of Saline Soil Degradation Using Geospatial Techniques in Bani Saad Area

Abstract This study was conducted in the northeastern part of Khan Bani Saad area, located within the administrative borders of Governorate. Using geospatial techniques, the area is located within longitudes. (E ‘57 ‘35’ 440 E–’19 ‘37 440), and latitudes (N’30 ‘37’ 330 - N’58’ 40’ 330) and an area of 11.862) ha. The field survey was conducted on selecting 30 random samples with a depth of 0-0.3 m, with samples taken with a depth of 0-0.1 m for the purpose of measuring the spectroradiometer for each sample using the Global Positioning System (GIS). The study area was extracted using the Arc gis pro2.8.6 program from the satellite image of the Landsat 8 satellite for the year (2023), and processing and improvement processes were carried out on it, from which some spectral biophysical indicators related to spectral reflectance characteristics were and linked to soil salinity, namely NDVI, SI, SAVI. The results that the laboratory-measured salt indicators a certain trend, as the soils with the type of salinity of Shura showed the highest values in the SI and NDSI indices, and their values were low in the sabakh soils compared to the soils not affected by salts, and the average values of the NDSI index reached (-0.101652), and the average values of the SAVI index reached (0.90097), and the average values of the SI index reached (0.670293), while the averages measured in the spatial statement of the indices (NDVI, SI, SAVI) were (-0.04307,0.06702,0.03137) respectively, and it was shown in the study that the use of the spectroradiometer device was more accurate in obtaining the results of the study.