A Multi-Port Converter-Based Equalization Architecture with Wide Voltage Gain for Long Series Battery Packs

To address the challenges of insufficient voltage gain, structural complexity, and efficiency limitations in energy management of long-series battery strings, this study proposes a wide-voltage-gain equilibrium architecture based on multi-port converters. The architecture enables flexible substitution of arbitrary multi-port converters with port multiplexing capability, maintaining compact configuration while supporting intelligent power path reconfiguration. Validation through PLECS simulations integrated with GaN power devices demonstrates that the proposed control strategy achieves efficient conversion from 4-16V input to over 64V output, confirming its technical feasibility in both wide voltage gain and rapid cell balancing. These findings provide an innovative technical pathway for high-efficiency energy management in high-density energy storage systems.