Charging-Discharging Characteristic and Electrode Surface Observation of Lithium Ferro Phosphate (LFP) Battery Cell

The growing demand for electric vehicles and renewable energy systems has intensified the need for safe, efficient, and sustainable energy storage technologies. Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</inf> or LFP) battery has gained attention due to their superior thermal stability, long life cycle, and enhanced safety compared to other battery types. This study investigates the charge–discharge behavior of commercial prismatic LFP battery cells and observes their electrode and separator surfaces, as preliminary works for further battery development. Voltage curve analysis reveals a noticeable hysteresis during the charge–discharge cycles, a phenomenon commonly observed in lithium-based batteries. Active materials in electrode surfaces can be clearly captured by digital microscope. Surface roughness evaluation indicates that the graphite-based anode exhibits significantly higher roughness compared to the LFP cathode. As an initial investigation, these results provide valuable insights for further characterization of LFP battery cells, contributing to a deeper understanding of their electrochemical performance and structural behavior, and supporting their application in long-term energy storage systems.