Experimental Observation of the Operational Cycle of LFP Batteries based on Hydrogen, Carbon Dioxide, and VOC Emissions

Lithium-ion batteries, particularly lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4 or LFP) batteries, have high energy density and good thermal stability. LFP batteries are widely used in electric vehicles (EVs) and energy storage systems. Internal degradation in LFP batteries indicates potential safety issues. The phenomenon of gas formation during battery charging and discharging has attracted much attention as an early indicator of internal battery damage. Many studies on gas production have not specifically identified the types of gases that emerge during battery cycles. Experimental results from the cycling process of a 12V 3.6Ah LFP battery showed an increase in the concentration of hydrogen gas (H2), carbon dioxide (CO2), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This gas process was tracked using MQ-8 and ENS 160 + AHT 21 sensors. The experimental output results were compared with the chemical reactions occurring inside the battery. Based on the chemical reactions between LFP battery components such as organic solvent-based electrolytes and lithium salts. These findings suggest that gas monitoring could be an effective approach for detecting early warnings of internal battery damage. The potential integration of gas monitoring into battery management systems (BMS) could enhance safety and reduce the risk of battery failure in the future.