The effect of soil temperature and moisture on the production of vegetable crops Qassim region, during the period (1992-2019 AD)

The study aimed to reveal the impact of the climatic elements of agricultural soil, represented in soil surface temperature, soil temperature, and soil moisture, on the productivity and prediction of vegetable crops in Al-Qassim region. To achieve the objective of the study, (6) products of vegetables were selected, which are in great demand by consumers throughout the year: zucchini, okra, eggplant, carrots, potatoes, and onions. The multiple regression model was tested between the climatic elements of agricultural soil as independent variables, and agricultural production for each product as a dependent variable, during the summer planting season and the winter planting season separately. The most important findings of the study are that the summer planting season is the most suitable for growing all kinds of vegetables, as agricultural production of vegetables during the winter planting season is negatively affected by low soil temperatures and high levels of moisture. The study also found that the production volume of vegetable crops can be predicted using soil surface temperature, soil temperature, and soil moisture through the regression models that have been obtained, and they vary from one agricultural product to another.