Convergence Analysis of SPH Method on Irregular Particle Distributions for the Poisson Equation

Abstract. The numerical accuracy of particle-based approximations in smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is significantly affected by the spatial uniformity of particle distributions, especially for second-order derivatives. This study aims to enhance the accuracy of the SPH method and analyze its convergence with irregular particle distributions. By establishing regularity conditions for particle distributions, we ensure that the local truncation error of traditional SPH formulations, including first and second derivatives, achieves second-order accuracy. Our proposed method, the volume reconstruction SPH method, guarantees these regularity conditions while preserving the discrete maximum principle. Benefiting from the discrete maximum principle, we conduct a rigorous global error analysis in the [Formula: see text]-norm for the Poisson equation with variable coefficients, achieving second-order convergence. Numerical examples are presented to validate the theoretical findings.