Current Approaches in the Treatment of White Spot Lesions After Orthodontic Treatment

Initial caries, referred to as white spot lesions (WSLs), derives its name from the characteristic discoloration of the enamel surface caused by the acid attack of cariogenic bacteria present in saliva. These lesions are commonly associated with orthodontic treatment and, if left untreated, may progress to caries, leading to negative impacts on oral health and dental aesthetics. This review aims to identify the most effective prophylaxis strategies for preventing WSLs during and after orthodontic treatment, as well as the most accurate and effective approaches for treating existing lesions, based on the current literature. The comprehensive literature review has revealed that maintaining oral hygiene plays a critical role in the prevention of lesions. Furthermore, the use of fluoride and casein-based products has been identified as effective in supporting remineralization. Among minimally invasive techniques, resin infiltration has emerged as the most widely accepted material in clinical practice.