Irak Hanefîliği ve Semerkand Hanefîliği Çerçevesinde Hanefî Usûlünde Haber Teorisinin Genel Esasları Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme

This article deals with the approaches of Iraqi Hanafism and Samarkand Hanafism to the theory of khabar. This article aims to evaluate the general principles of the theory of khabar in the Hanafī’s usūl within the framework of Irāqī Hanafism and Samarqandī Hanafism. As discussed in the study, the ‘theory of khabar’ in the context of the usūl al-fiqh is important in terms of determining the accuracy, reliability and epistemological value of khabar, which is one of the ways of obtaining information, and establishing religious provisions on a solid foundation. There has been no full agreement among Islāmic scholars on the criteria to be followed in determining the source and information value of khabar, and each sect has established criteria suitable for its own dynamics. Hanafī’s usūl has considered khabar within the context of their own methodologies, and has created a theory based on criticism of the chain of narration and text, but more focused on content. While there is agreement on fundamental issues in the field of usūl between Irāqī Hanafism and Samarqand Hanafism, disagreements have emerged on issues related to ijtihād. It is likely that these disagreements have also been reflected in the understanding of khabar. In the literature review conducted in this study, it was determined that there were no major disagreements in the approaches of both schools to the theory of khabar, and that these were mostly within the framework of some issues related to usūl and subordinate fiqh, such as the assignment of the wording with the khabar al-wāhid and qiyās, and the abrogation of the famous and mutawātir sunnah with the khabar al-wāhid rather than the nass. As a result, it was seen that these disagreements, which were the subject of the determination, were reflected in some issues in subordinate fiqh, but were not fully reflected in practice in many issues.