Hydrogen as a Pathway to Heat Production

Abstract This study explores the role of hydrogen as a sustainable and low-emission solution for heat generation, with a focus on its capacity to decarbonize residential, commercial, and industrial heating. It examines key production pathways, most notably electrolysis powered by renewable energy, alongside steam-methane reforming with carbon mitigation measures, and discusses how green hydrogen can integrate into diverse heat supply systems. Storage options such as liquid hydrogen and high-pressure gas cylinders are considered, emphasising their importance for stable and efficient supply. The application of hydrogen in fuel cell technology is assessed, underlining its potential for high efficiency and minimal environmental impact. Practical aspects, including required equipment, system upkeep, and performance evaluation, are addressed to guide implementation. Case studies from district heating and industrial operations demonstrate real-world deployment and performance outcomes. A comparative review of production scenarios, baseline, peak output, and demand-smoothing offers insight into both economic viability and emission reduction potential. Scenarios with and without infrastructure upgrades are considered to show how hydrogen can accelerate progress toward climate goals. The study positions hydrogen as a critical enabler in the shift toward a low-carbon energy future, providing both technical evidence and practical pathways for sustainable heat supply at scale.