Modeling an internal structure of a black hole using a thermodynamic quasi-particle model

We develop an effective thermodynamic model for a black-hole interior composed of scalar quasiparticles. The interior is represented by two regions: a dense core and a surrounding crust, whose properties are controlled by the quasiparticle kinetics. In the core, quasiparticles are assumed to have vanishing classical kinetic energy, so the total core energy is dominated by a potential-energy functional $U(N)$ that depends only on the quasiparticle number $N$. As a consequence, the appropriate intensive variable governing the core thermodynamics is an inverse-temperature--like parameter $β$, introduced as the thermodynamic conjugate to $U$; it replaces the usual kinetic temperature $T$ in the core equations of state and can drive the core pressure and energy density negative in the relevant regime. Different core states are further characterized by the mean occupation number $η$. In the crust, quasiparticles remain trapped at finite kinetic temperature, and the no-escape condition is implemented via a truncation of the phase-space integrals, yielding an explicit analytic coupling between thermodynamics and gravity. The resulting framework provides a unified quasiparticle description of core and crust, clarifies the thermodynamic origin of negative pressure/energy in the interior, and provides an effective thermodynamic setting for exploring how semiclassical or microscopic resolutions of the singularity problem might be constrained.

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Publication Details

Journal
Annals of Physics
Published
2026-04-21
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aop.2026.170500
Primary Topic
Black Holes and Theoretical Physics
Type
article
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article

Modeling an internal structure of a black hole using a thermodynamic quasi-particle model

S. Bondarenko, Raghvendra Singh, Dima Cheskis
Annals of Physics
Black Holes and Theoretical Physics
article

Modeling an internal structure of a black hole using a thermodynamic quasi-particle model

S. Bondarenko, Raghvendra Singh, Dima Cheskis
article en

Abstract

We develop an effective thermodynamic model for a black-hole interior composed of scalar quasiparticles. The interior is represented by two regions: a dense core and a surrounding crust, whose properties are controlled by the quasiparticle kinetics. In the core, quasiparticles are assumed to have vanishing classical kinetic energy, so the total core energy is dominated by a potential-energy functional $U(N)$ that depends only on the quasiparticle number $N$. As a consequence, the appropriate intensive variable governing the core thermodynamics is an inverse-temperature--like parameter $β$, introduced as the thermodynamic conjugate to $U$; it replaces the usual kinetic temperature $T$ in the core equations of state and can drive the core pressure and energy density negative in the relevant regime. Different core states are further characterized by the mean occupation number $η$. In the crust, quasiparticles remain trapped at finite kinetic temperature, and the no-escape condition is implemented via a truncation of the phase-space integrals, yielding an explicit analytic coupling between thermodynamics and gravity. The resulting framework provides a unified quasiparticle description of core and crust, clarifies the thermodynamic origin of negative pressure/energy in the interior, and provides an effective thermodynamic setting for exploring how semiclassical or microscopic resolutions of the singularity problem might be constrained.

Annals of PhysicsVol. 490
Openalex Percentile: Top 99%
Black Holes and Theoretical Physics
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