Use of Virtual Reality Technology for Training Standing Shooting, Postural Balance, and Rifle Stability in Biathlon: A Pilot Study

Success in biathlon depends on physical fitness, psychophysiological parameters, and biomechanics. Key aspects include the speed and accuracy of shooting, which affect body oscillations and the stability of the "body-rifle" system. The level of stress, environmental conditions, and ski preparation are also important. This study aims to provide a thorough theoretical analysis of the factors affecting standing shooting performance in biathlon and to conduct a pilot study using VR to validate it as a training tool based on the observed parameters. This study utilized the "Biathlon-2024" Virtual Environment, which simulated skiing and standing shooting in classical biathlon. This Virtual Environment was developed on the Unity 3D platform and includes two stages: 1) VR skiing and 2) shooting. Subjects performed shooting at virtual targets, whereby the VR visualization fully simulated a biathlon shooting range. The results confirmed that the stability of the body-rifle system is crucial for successful shooting in biathlon. It was observed that elite athletes demonstrate better postural balance and lower sway compared to beginners. The data analysis obtained with Antilatency system trackers showed a distinct correlation between the limb and rifle positions, which highlights the importance of fine postural control and reaction time when shooting. The study emphasizes that success in biathlon depends not only on physical fitness and shooting techniques, but also on the environment, psychophysiology, and individual attributes such as tremor. This therefore makes an integrated approach to athlete training essential for high performance.