Study of factors of sustainable development in cargo flows

The article examines the relationship between the freight transportation industry in Kazakhstan and environmental sustainability and public health issues. It also discusses the need for sustainable development of the transport sector in the context of global climate change and environmental degradation. The relevance of the study lies in identifying the main problems and opportunities for sustainable development of freight flows in Kazakhstan, offering practical solutions to improve the environmental situation and increase economic efficiency. The main focus is on reducing greenhouse gas emissions and minimizing environmental damage. The negative impact of vehicle emissions on the quality of air, water and soil, as well as their damage to ecosystems, is described. In addition, health risks such as respiratory diseases and cardiovascular disorders are described in detail. The study uses various analytical methods, including statistical data analysis, comparative study of international experience, methods of environmental and economic modeling to assess the current situation and propose effective solutions. The article provides practical recommendations aimed at improving the environmental and economic efficiency of freight transportation in Kazakhstan. International experience includes the European Union's Green Freight program in Europe and the introduction of electric vehicles in Germany and the Netherlands. The study presents an evidence-based rationale for the need to develop effective strategies to address environmental threats in the transport sector and examines possible ways to address these issues through policy and practice in Kazakhstan.