Primary Posterior Neck Hydatid Cyst: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

<b>Introduction:</b> Hydatid cyst disease is an endemic parasitic infection caused by <i>Echinococcus granulosus</i>. Hydatid cysts occur mainly in the liver and lungs and are rare in the head and neck region, even in endemic areas. Due to their nonspecific clinical manifestations, diagnostic challenges are encountered in such atypical presentations. <b>Case Presentation:</b> We report the case of a 6-year-old girl who presented with a progressively enlarging, painless left postauricular mass. Radiological assessment revealed a well-circumscribed, unilocular cystic lesion at level V of the neck. Surgical resection was performed, and histopathology confirmed a hydatid cyst. Postoperatively, the patient was treated with albendazole. No recurrence was observed at follow-up. <b>Clinical Discussion:</b> Hydatid cysts in the cervical region are exceptionally rare, with only a few cases documented in the literature. The disease can remain asymptomatic for years, often presenting as a slow-growing mass. Imaging with ultrasound and CT is critical in preoperative diagnosis. The gold standard of treatment remains complete surgical excision, reinforced by anthelmintic therapy to prevent recurrence. <b>Conclusion:</b> Although rare, hydatid cyst disease should remain among the differential diagnoses of cystic neck masses, especially in endemic areas. Early diagnosis and intervention are essential in evading complications of the disease such as anaphylaxis or recurrence. Ultimately, prevention remains the most effective strategy, emphasizing the need for community awareness, hygienic practices, and coordinated control efforts to break the parasite's life cycle.