Managing Safety in Teaching Clinical Skills: Investigating Framing Errors in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Training through a Multi-Arm Randomized Controlled Equivalence Study

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a critical skill in clinical settings, where mistakes can occur and potentially have serious consequences. Common approaches to handling errors include error management (EM) and error avoidance (EA), but their impact on medical performance outcomes is not fully understood. This study examined the effect of framing errors on the outcomes of basic life support (BLS) training for healthcare students. In an equivalence trial with 430 first-year students from me