EXPLORING DRIVERS OF CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN THE FARMING COMMUNITIES OF NORTHERN BANGLADESH

This study examines the drivers of crop diversification among farming communities in northern Bangladesh, where rice mono-cropping has long been prevailed. Using focus group discussions and in-depth interviews across six districts, it explores the shift toward more diverse cropping patterns that include cereals, vegetables, legumes, and spices. Findings reveal that diversification is motivated by both internal and external factors. Internal drivers comprise farmers’ knowledge, household consumption needs, risk perception, and profitability, while external influences include market access, peer learning, extension services, input availability, and institutional support. Adaptation to local environmental conditions and responses to climate variability shape farmers’ decision-making processes. A transition from subsistence-based to market-oriented agriculture, supported by both individual agency and community networks, is observed. Despite these positive incentives, farmers continue to face challenges such as pest outbreaks, climate shocks, limited extension services, and insufficient soil testing facilities. To address these obstacles, farmers often rely on agricultural officers and input dealers for guidance and support. This study underscores the need for targeted, integrated interventions by government and local stakeholders to expand diversified farming systems, and promote sustainable production and consumption practices in alignment with national goals and Sustainable Development Goal 12.