Media Representation of LGBTQ+ People in Ukrainian and International Studies: A Systematic Literature Review

This systematic literature review addresses a gap in the comparison of media representations of LGBTQ+ people in Ukrainian and international studies, focusing on common trends, differences, and challenges in theoretical approaches, methodologies, and results. It examines increasing visibility, stereotypes, hate speech, the role of digital technologies, and ethical aspects in shaping societal perceptions of gender and sexual diversity, with an emphasis on cultural, socio-political, and methodological distinctions. The review adheres to PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The scope encompasses peer-reviewed scholarly articles, monographs, dissertations, abstracts of dissertations, and peer-reviewed book chapters. An initial search in Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, and Ukrainian repositories identified 517 publications; after screening titles, abstracts, and full texts, 51 sources were included in the final analysis. The period covered spans from 2013 to July 2025. Key findings indicate that LGBTQ+ visibility in media is rising, yet representations remain often stereotypical and negative, featuring hate speech and inadequate attention to identities such as lesbians, bisexuals, and transgender individuals. International studies utilize queer theory, frame analysis, and critical media theory to highlight societal impacts. In the Ukrainian context, geopolitical influences, limited visibility, and evolving narratives during crises prevail. Comparative analysis reveals geographical and cultural imbalances, underscoring the need for ethical standards to promote inclusivity. Recommendations: strengthen empirical research and ethical practices.