Comparative Study of ARID5B rs10821936 Polymorphism Gene in Pediatric Patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

The most prevalent pediatric cancer is acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and genetic variations have been implicated in its susceptibility and treatment outcomes. The ARID5B gene, particularly the rs10821936 polymorphism, has been associated with ALL risk. This study aimed to investigate the distribution of ARID5B rs10821936 genotypes and allele frequencies in pediatric ALL patients pre and post-treatment compared to a control group. The results revealed significant differences in genotype and allele distributions. The CC and CA genotypes were equally distributed (50%-50%) in the control group, while the ALL patients pretreatment a higher prevalence of CC (80%) and a lower frequency of CA (20%). Post treatment, a notable shift occurred, with 75% of patients carrying the AA genotype and 25% retaining CC, while CA was absent. Allele frequency analysis showed that the C allele was predominant in the control (75%) and pretreatment (90%) groups, whereas the A allele became dominant in the post-treatment group (76.7%). The highly significant p-values (p < 0.0001) suggest a strong association between ARID5B rs10821936 and ALL, with the shift towards the A allele potentially reflecting genetic adaptation or selective pressure during therapy.