Optimizing CDMA Performance for Harsh Wireless Channels: Energy Adaptation and Predictive BER Analysis for Nuclear Communication Environments

This work aimed to provide an in-depth study of the interaction between -carotene and lecithin liposomes.The study additionally investigated the toxicity of beta-carotene, in both its unencapsulated and liposome-bound forms, on MCF-7 breast cancer cells that had been subjected to radiation and those that had not.The interactions between carotene and lecithin liposomes, serving as model membranes, were analyzed.Liposomes exhibited a predominantly well dispersed, spherical morphology with minimal aggregation.Reduced zeta potential values were observed after -carotene was incorporated into the liposomal membranes, indicating a change in surface charge.Furthermore, incorporating -carotene caused a decrease in the temperatures observed, in contrast to empty liposomes, suggesting a conformational change within the phospholipids.This was confirmed by FTIR studies, which demonstrated interactions between -carotene and the liposomal components.In cytotoxic assays with MCF-7 cells, if external gamma irradiation was withheld, the IC50 value for free -carotene was 3.45 g/ml.In contrast, liposomal -carotene exhibited a higher IC50 of 52.30 g/ml.When combined with gamma irradiation at 5 Gy followed by 10 Gy, the IC50 values for free carotene and liposomal -carotene increased slightly, from 3.14 to 4.05 g/ml and from 50.21 to 53.92 g/ml, respectively.The data suggests free -carotene's cytotoxic effect is more powerful than that of liposomal -carotene.The study emphasizes the potential of free -carotene as an effective anticancer agent against the MCF-7 cell line.These results advocate for considering the natural product, free -carotene, as a promising alternative to pharmacological interventions in breast carcinoma treatment.