In silico approach for kinetic profiling of Piper nigrum extract to understand its therapeutic potential.

Neurodegenerative disorders are distinguished by the progressive loss of neurons and synapses in the brain, and currently available treatments are limited with more side effects. Piper nigrum, referred to as black pepper, has been traditionally used in various medicinal applications, and is reported to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. This study investigated the phytochemical profile and pharmacological potential of the ethanolic extract of Piper nigrum. The analysis of Phytochemicals revealed the presence of alkaloids, triterpenoids, and phenols, with LC-MS/MS identification confirming major constituents including Piperine, Guineensine, and Caffeic acid. In-silico analysis suggested moderate biological activity for Piperine and Guineensine, particularly in interaction with GPCRs, while Caffeic acid exhibited neuroprotective properties. Physicochemical characterization indicated favorable properties for gastrointestinal absorption and blood-brain barrier permeability in Piperine and Guineensine. Docking studies revealed promising binding affinities against NADPH oxidase enzyme. These findings highlight the pharmacological potential of Piper nigrum constituents, suggesting their utility in neuroprotection and inflammatory conditions. Further research is warranted to validate their therapeutic efficacy and safety profiles.