Livestock advisories based on Temperature Humidity Index (THI) for sustainable livestock production

The Temperature-Humidity Index (THI) served as a crucial tool for assessing heat stress in livestock and guiding adaptive management strategies. THI-based advisories helped mitigate heat-induced physiological disturbances such as reduced feed intake, lower milk production, and increased mortality. Categorized into stress levels (no stress < 72 to severe stress > 84), THI influenced livestock productivity, necessitating real-time monitoring and intervention. Advanced sensor-based THI tracking and mobile alerts enabled timely advisories, allowing farmers to implement cooling strategies, hydration plans, and nutritional adjustments. Government initiatives like the National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) and India Meteorological Department (IMD) integrated THI-based early warning systems into climate-resilient livestock programs. Sustainable mitigation strategies focused on heat-tolerant breeds, modified housing, and climate-smart feeding schedules. Future advancements in AI, IoT, and block chain-driven advisories were expected to enhance predictive analytics, enabling proactive livestock management against climate-induced heat stress. By leveraging technology, real-time alerts, and policy support, THI-based advisories safeguarded animal welfare and enhanced farm sustainability.