<i>Diospyros kaki</i>: A Review of its Pharmacological and Anticancer Properties

Background: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) offers a comprehensive approach to cancer treatment, often complementing conventional therapies. Persimmon or Diospyros kaki has long been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for its potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Bioactive compounds found in this plant can be used for cancer treatment and therapy. Aim: The study aims to comprehensively review the pharmacological and anti-cancer properties of Diospyros kaki, emphasising its phytochemical composition, mechanism of action and its potential application in traditional medicine and modern oncology. Methods: Relevant literature published till 2024 was retrieved from various databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, SciSpace, ScienceDirect, IMMPAT 2.0 and PubChem. Keywords such as Diospyros kaki, anti-cancer, pharmacological activity, and phytochemicals were chosen for screening. Studies reporting pharmacological properties, particularly those exhibiting anti-cancer activity, were selected. Result: Diospyros kaki demonstrates significant pharmacological activity across multiple systems. Its fruit, leaves, roots, and calyx contain polyphenols, flavonoids, and triterpenes that exhibit antidiabetic, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory effects. From an anticancer perspective, compounds such as quercetin, kaempferol, diospyrin, and plumbagin contribute to apoptosis, oxidative stress modulation, and inhibition of tumour proliferation and angiogenesis. Therapeutically, its phytoconstituents support immune modulation, cellular redox balance, and enzyme inhibition, enhancing its potential as a supportive agent in chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Conclusion: The broad therapeutic profile of Diospyros kaki underlines its role in managing chronic diseases and cancer. Further research should focus on standardising extraction, improving bioavailability, and conducting clinical trials to translate these benefits into clinical use. Major Findings: Diospyros kaki exhibits potent anticancer and pharmacological activities, primarily through apoptosis induction, ROS modulation, and inflammation suppression, validating its traditional medicinal use and modern therapeutic relevance.