Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles of Hydroalcoholic Extract of <i>Lactuca runcinata</i> DC and its Antimicrobial Activity Evaluation by Molecular Docking Study

Background: Nanotechnology, particularly the use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), has gained significant interest due to its wide-ranging applications in healthcare, industry, and environmental sectors. However, traditional chemical methods for silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesis raise concerns regarding their environmental and biocompatibility. Green synthesis approaches, such as using plant extracts, offer an eco-friendly alternative. Aim: This study investigates the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Lactuca runcinata DC extract to evaluate their antimicrobial properties, supported by an in-silico molecular docking study. Methods: Silver nanoparticles were synthesized by mixing an aqueous extract of L. runcinata DC with silver nitrate (AgNO₃) solution. The synthesis process was monitored visually and confirmed using UV-Vis spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). These techniques helped verify the formation, size, morphology, and structural integrity of the nanoparticles. Results: Characterization revealed that the synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), were spherical and crystalline. UV-Vis spectra showed a distinct peak, confirming the presence of silver nanoparticles. SEM images supported their spherical shape, while XRD confirmed their crystalline structure. FTIR analysis indicated that plant phytochemicals stabilized the nanoparticles. The silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), exhibited significant antimicrobial activity, especially against Escherichia coli. Molecular docking studies showed strong interactions between phytochemicals from the extract and Cyclin-dependent kinase 8 (CDK8), suggesting potential for antimicrobial and anticancer applications. Conclusion: The green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), using L. runcinata DC extract, produced nanoparticles with promising antimicrobial activities. Major Findings: Silver nanoparticles synthesized from L. runcinata DC extract were spherical, crystalline, and phytochemically stabilized, exhibiting strong antimicrobial activity against E. coli and notable CDK8 binding, indicating potential antimicrobial and anticancer properties.