Efficacy of Oral and Sublingual Ketamine Formulations for Analgesia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

This study aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the efficacy of oral and sublingual ketamine for pain relief. A comprehensive literature search was performed across four databases: MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, and Web of Science. Randomized controlled trials were selected that examined oral or sublingual ketamine for pain control in either inpatient or outpatient environments, relative to any other oral or sublingual treatment, including placebo. 21 studies were incorpor