Saturniidae (Lepidoptera: Bombycoidea) of Parque Nacional do Itatiaia and surroundings – Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais, Brazil

ABSTRACT Saturniidae is a diverse lineage of Bombycoidea commonly used in faunistic studies due to its relatively easy sampling and identification. Of the 3,454 known species worldwide, 475 occur in Brazil across five subfamilies, although regional inventories remain scarce. The first and only Saturniidae list for the state of Rio de Janeiro was published in 1968, documenting 119 species in 33 genera from the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (PNI) and surroundings. This study provides an updated taxonomic list of Saturniidae for the PNI region, mostly based on literature and specimens deposited at the Entomological Collection of the Museu Nacional (MNRJ), rebuilt after the 2018 fire. We also provided notes on taxonomy and distribution, highlighting the new records to the state and PNI, species of medical relevance, and those under threat of extinction. The revised list comprises 161 species in 54 genera across Hemileucinae (25 genera; 97 species), Ceratocampinae (17 gen.; 35 spp.), Arsenurinae (8 gen.; 16 spp.), Saturniinae (2 gen.; 10 spp), and Oxyteninae (2 gen.; 3 spp.). Notably, 24 species are new records for Rio de Janeiro, including 10 new records for PNI. Nineteen genera of medical relevance were recorded, including 15 species of Hylesia Hübner, [1820] and three of Lonomia Walker, 1855. New data on the threatened species Dirphia monticola Zerny, 1923 is provided, along with a discussion of its conservation status. A comparison with inventories from southeastern Brazil is included. Our findings highlight the importance of updated regional inventories in supporting taxonomic, ecological, and conservation research.