Three-dimensional cell models of endometrium in development of personified methods of treatment

The development of personalized approaches in the treatment and diagnosis of various diseases, which consider individual characteristics of the patient’s organism, is an actively developing area of modern medicine. However, the transition to personalized medicine is impossible without the generation of relevant and patient-specific disease models. One of the trends in modern cell biology is the use of three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures similar in architecture to the tissues of the human body. Models based on such cultures are the most physiologically adequate and especially valuable when it is necessary to reproduce functional features of the patient’s tissue. Models of endometrium, the inner lining of the uterus, which provides the onset and development of pregnancy, are just like that. Unfortunately, effective treatment regimens have not yet been developed for many endometrial diseases, since the pathogenesis of endometrial dysfunctions is often insufficiently studied. In addition, the correction of such diseases often requires a personalized approach. This paper reviews the existing 3D in vitro models of the human endometrium, as well as the prospects for their application for the development of personalized treatment methods in the field of gynecology and reproductology.