The influence of the spectral composition of artificial lighting on the biochemical composition of tomato fruits Solanum lycopersicum L

Light is an important environmental factor that regulates the accumulation of micro- and macroelements and organic acids in tomato fruits. The use of LEDs for lighting during the growth and development of tomatoes is an effective method for improving the quality of tomato fruits. In this study, LED light sources with a combined spectral composition and high-pressure discharge lamps were used to grow tomatoes in a climate chamber. Using capillary electrophoresis, the mass fractions of cations (ammonium, potassium, sodium, magnesium and calcium ions), anions (chloride, nitrate, sulfate and phosphate ions) and organic acids were determined. It has been established that the type of light sources and the spectral composition of optical radiation are one of the key factors in improving the quality of tomatoes. When grown under LEDs, the concentration of malic acid in tomato fruits increased by 60%, succinic acid by 2 times, and magnesium by 14% and calcium by 57% compared to the fruits of tomato plants grown under gas-discharge lamps. Thus, by selecting the spectral composition of optical radiation, it is potentially possible to increase the content of target components and improve the taste of tomatoes.